Cadell (I) Ddyrnllwg ap CADEYRN (440? - ?) ; aka Cadell Durnluc (Ddrynllwy Ddyrnllwg Ddymllwg Ddyrnllug) ap CATEYRN; `Gleaming Hilt'; King of POWYS; poss. Arthur of CAMELOT
[Cadwallon (son of Cadwgon ap ELYSTAN, q.v.)] Cadwallon (Arglwydd KERY) ap MADOG (1112? - 1179) ; or: prob. not Cadwallon (son of Cadwgon ap ELYSTAN, q.v.)
Cadwallon (Katwallawn) ap CADFAN (591+ - 634?) ; King of GWYNEDD; King of the BRITONS; (allied with Penda, q.v., against Northumbria)
Caedwalla (King) of WEST SAXONS (659? - 689 Rome) ; reigned 2 years; massacred the royal family of Wight; Saint (of converts and murderers); (Cedwalla Caedwall Ceadwall)
[Calliope the (Eldest) MUSE (q.v., Thalia's sister)] Thalia the MUSE of Comedy ; or: Calliope the (Eldest) MUSE (q.v., Thalia's sister); aka Thaleia; (her emblem is a comic mask)
[Calliope the MUSE (q.v., her sister)] Euterpe the MUSE of Song & Elegy ; or: Calliope the MUSE (q.v., her sister) or: Terpsichore the MUSE (q.v., her sister); (her emblem is an aulos)
Canis lupus (Grey wolf) (2.7 M BC) ; (inter-breeding shows that varieties of Grey wolf, including poodles, etc., are a single species)
[Cano] Erb MacDRUST (? - 529) ; or: Cano; Note: sources confused, some showing Erb or Gwyddno as female (prob. one was father-in-law), perhaps Gwyddno was King Gwyddno, q.v.; ...
Canute `the Great' (King) of DENMARK & ENGLAND (995? - 1035) ; aka Cnut SVENSSON; Canute II of Denmark, Canute I of England; King of Norway; Suzerain of the Scots; aka Knud II den Store
[Caradoc Freichfras ap LLYR, q.v.] Cerdic of WESSEX [alt ped] ; or: Caradoc Freichfras ap LLYR, q.v.; (Too many pedigrees have been proposed for Cerdic to give them all; we show a few. Note that this one mak....
Carboniferous Period (Paleozoic Era) (359 M BC - 299 M BC) ; reptiles, insects, mollusks; (this Period is often divided into Mississippian & Pennsylvanian Periods); ....
[Carchedon (eponym) of CARTHAGE] Sychaeus (High Priest) of MELQART ; or: poss. Carchedon (eponym) of CARTHAGE; (Acherbas Sicharbas Acerbas)
Cardinal RICHELIEU (Armand Jean du PLESSIS) (Paris 5/9/1585 - 4/12/1642 Paris) ; Duc de RICHELIEU et de Fronzac; (became chief minister to Louis XIII and virtual ruler of France)
Caribert (I; Count) of LAON (690? - 747+) ; (Herbert Heribert Claribert Canbert Charibert); (both his mother and wife were Frankish Princesses of unc....
Carlo Emanuele III (King) of SARDINIA (1701 - 1773) ; aka Charles-Emmanuel de SAVOIE; (after extinction of James II 's line, JACOBITE succession passed through him)
Carlos Hugo BOURBON (Duke) of PARMA (Paris 8/4/1930 - 18/8/2010 Barcelona) ; aka Charles Hugues Xavier Marie Sixte Louis Robert Jean Georges Benoit Michel; Count of MONTEMOLIN; (Pretender King of SPAIN)
Carlos de LACERDA (1320? - 1354) ; Conde de ANGOULEME; aka Carlos of SPAIN
Catherine (of FLORENCE) de MEDICI (Florence 1519 - 1589 Blois) ; Regent Queen of FRANCE; effected the Massacre of Huguenots on 24 Aug 1572; (de MEDICIS); aka Catarina di MEDICI
[Catherine de MEDICI, q.v.] Filipa DUCCO ; or: poss. Catherine de MEDICI, q.v.
Catherine de PARTHENAY (1554 - 1631) ; or: poss. Catherine of RYE-BALANCON; (tutored by Francois Vieta, her records show evidence of some of the earliest Renaissance science)
[Catherine of RYE-BALANCON] Catherine de PARTHENAY (1554 - 1631) ; or: poss. Catherine of RYE-BALANCON; (tutored by Francois Vieta, her records show evidence of some of the earliest Renaissance science)
Catherine I (Martha) SKOVRONSKA (1689 - 1727) ; aka Eketherina I (Czarina; EMPRESS) ALEKSEYEVNA of RUSSIA; aka Yekaterina I Marta Samuilovna SKAVRONSKAYA
[Catleu (descendant of Emperor Constantine II of the West)] Edor ; or: Catleu (descendant of Emperor Constantine II of the West) or: prob. not Gorles Sap ap SOLOR (q.v.); (pedigrees for Lot conflict; This one is from John of Glastonbury)
Cenn Faelad MacCOLGAN (? - 682) ; King of CONNACHT; prob. not 152nd MONARCH of IRELAND
[Cennalat (Lot) King of PICTS, q.v.] Lot LUWDDOC (King) of GODODDIN (470?? (or 595??) - ?) ; King of the Host; poss. aka Gwair (Gwyar) ap DWYWG; King of ORKNEY; King (and poss. eponym) of LOTHIAN (Gododdin)
Cerdic of WESSEX [alt ped] ; or: Caradoc Freichfras ap LLYR, q.v.; (Too many pedigrees have been proposed for Cerdic to give them all; we show a few. Note that this one mak....
Cesare BORGIA (Rome 1476 - 1507 Viana, Navarre) ; Cardinal, 1st Duke of VALENTINOIS, Duke of Romagna; famous conqueror who inspired Machiavelli's Prince
[Charibert I (q.v., Chlothar's son)] Chlothar I (2nd King) of All FRANKS (497? - 561) ; aka Lothaire I (King) of SOISSONS; 4th Archduke of AUSTRASIA; aka Clotaire (Clothara Chlothachar Clotario) `the Old'; des FRANCS SALIENS
Charibert I (King) of FRANKS (at PARIS) (520? - 567) ; (after his death, his three younger brothers divided the empire into three realms: Austrasia, Burgundy, & Neustria); ...
Charibert (nobleman) of NEUSTRIA (555? - 636?) ; progenitor of the House of CAPET; de HASPENGAU; (sometimes confused with Charibert King in Paris, q.v., son of Chlothar)
[Charlemagne (Louis' father)] Louis (Ludwig Hludovic) I `the Pious' of AQUITAINE (16/4/778 - 20/6/840) ; Holy Roman EMPEROR; King of FRANCE, Germany & Aquitaine; von AACHEN; `the Debonair'; aka Lodewijk I `de Vrome'
Charlemagne (King) of the FRANKS (2/4/742 - 28/1/814 Prussia) ; aka Charles le Grand (`the Great'); aka Karl der Grosse; aka Carolus Magnus (Carlomagno); King of the LOM....
[Charles (Esq.] Edmund ANDERSON ; or: poss. Charles (Esq.; of Worcester) ANDERSON; also begat Anne (m. Timothy Goodwin)
Charles Alexandre Emanuel (Prince) de LORRAINE (Luneville 12/12/1712 - 4/7/1780 Brabant) ; Governor of Austrian Netherlands; Grandmaster of Teutonic Order; K.Go.Fl.; alleged 33rd Grandmaster of Priory of Sion
Charles (1st Earl of MOUNTRATH) COOTE (1615 - 1661 Dublin) ; (2nd Baronet, 1st Baron & 1st Viscount of COOTE; the peerages were merged with the Mountrath Earldom unt....
Charles (1st Marquess) CORNWALLIS (Suffolk 1738 - 1805 Benares, India) ; K.G.; Lord of the Bedchamber, Constable of the Tower, etc.; General in war against American Revolution
Charles IV (Holy Roman) EMPEROR (Prague 14/5/1316 - 29/11/1378 Prague) ; aka Karl (Karel) (King) of BOHEMIA; de LUXEMBOURG; King of the GERMANS; (in 1356 the Kingship of Bohemia,....
Charles VIII `the Affable' (King) of FRANCE (1470 - 1498) ; attempted conquest of Italy, becoming King of NAPLES for a short while, but this foolish adventure bankrupted him; ...
Charles (Karl) III (King) of FRANCE (17/9/879 - 7/10/929 Oise) ; aka Carolus III (King) of WEST FRANKS(& LORRAINE); aka Charles Simplex (`the Simple'); (during his reign....
Charles X (King) of FRANCE (Versailles 1757 - 1836 Goritz) ; K.G.; (in 1830 he was forced to abdicate in favor of the House of Bourbon-Orleans)
Charles MARTEL (Duke) of FRANKS (Herstal 688 - 22/10/741 Quierzy) ; Major Domus of Neustria & Austrasia; on 11 Oct, 732 defeated Saracen Army in Battle of Balat Al-Shuhada'; (Martel = `The Hammer')
Charles I (King) of SPAIN (1500 - 1558) ; aka Karl V von HAPSBURG the Holy Roman EMPEROR; Archduke of AUSTRIA, of GHENT, Comte de CHAROLAIS; Duke o....
Charles IV (King) of SPAIN (1748 - 1819 Naples) ; or: (NN), Prime Minister (Marie-Louise's lover); aka Carlos IV Antonio Pascual Francisco Javier de BORBEDN; K.Go.Fl. (Head)
Charles III de VALOIS (1271 - 1325) ; Duke of Anjou (VALOIS-MAINE); Charles I (King) of NAPLES & SICILY; King of JERUSALEM
Charles de VALOIS (Duke) of BURGUNDY (1433 - 1477) ; K.G.; aka Karel `de Stoute' (`the Bold', `the Rash', `the Reckless'); Grand Duke of the WEST; K.Go.Fl. (Chief); (Comte de CHAROLAIS)
Charles VII de VALOIS (King) de FRANCE (1403 - 1461) ; `the Victorious'; (established a large standing Army, which led to the end of Europe's feudal era)
[Charles of the WEST FRANKS (Charles' uncle)] Charles of LAON (CAROLINGIANS; of FRANCE) (953 - 22/6/993) ; Duke of LORRAINE (UPPER LORRAINE); aka Karl (Herzog) von NIEDERLOTHRINGEN; aka Karel I `de dikke'
Charles William POST (Springfield, Illinois 1853 - 1914) ; (industrialist of prepared foods; eponym of Postum Cereal Co., Post Toasties; one of 100 wealthiest Americans ever); aka C. W. POST
Charlotte of SAXE-COBURG-GOTHA (Brussels 1840 - 1927 Belgium) ; aka Carlotta (Empress) of MEXICO; aka Marie Charlotte Amelie Augustine Victoire Clementine Leopoldine of BELGIUM
Charops of EPIRUS ; or: Neoptolemos (Charops' father); (any relation to same-named King of SYME ?)
Chasyot Fa Chulalok `the Great' (King) of SIAM (Ayudhaya 1737 - 1809 Bangkok) ; aka Thong Duang; CHAKRI Rama I; aka Buddha Yod Fa; founded City of Bangkok (Krung Thep Maha Nakorn); (one....
Chicken (S.E. Asia 7000? BC - ?) ; aka Gallus domesticus; aka G. gallus domesticus; (most plentiful bird today; prob. hybrid of two species of junglefowl)
Childebert (usurper King) of FRANKS ; or: poss. (NN), son of Chrodobertus II of NEUSTRIA, q.v.; aka Childebert `the Adopted' (rival 13th Archduke) of AUSTRASIA
Childebert II (King) of the FRANKS (? - 596?) ; 6th Archduke of AUSTRASIA, King of BURGUNDY; (Sigebert II may have been son of Theodoric II, not Childebert II)
Childebert III (King) of the FRANKS (? - 711?) ; 9th King of NEUSTRIA; (also Archduke of Austrasia & King of Burgundy); aka Childeberthus III; (Pepin II, q.v., was de facto ruler)
[Childebrand II of PERRACY (Nibelung II 's brother : q.v.)] Nibelung II de PERRECY (740? - 805) ; or: poss. Childebrand II of PERRACY (Nibelung II 's brother : q.v.); Count of MADRIE; Graf im HASPENGAU
Childeric I (King) of FRANKS (of YSSEL) (436? - 26/11/481) ; aka Cloderic; King of TOURNAI; poss. aka Cheldric (Overlord) of SAXONS (name given in Monmouth's story ?); (Childerich)
[Chlodwig (Chlodwig's cousin)] Chlodwig de COLOGNE (405? - 450?) ; aka Clovis FRANKI; poss. aka Banin Chlodwig I de THURINGIA; aka Clodoweg of the FRANKS
Chlodwig de COLOGNE (405? - 450?) ; aka Clovis FRANKI; poss. aka Banin Chlodwig I de THURINGIA; aka Clodoweg of the FRANKS
Chloroplastid ; (Archaeplastida was created when an ancient eukaryote engulfed an ancient blue-green algae)
Chlothar I (2nd King) of All FRANKS (497? - 561) ; aka Lothaire I (King) of SOISSONS; 4th Archduke of AUSTRASIA; aka Clotaire (Clothara Chlothachar Clotario) `the Old'; des FRANCS SALIENS
Christian I (King) of DENMARK (1426 - 1481) ; (OLDENBURG); King of Norway; King of Sweden until 1464; (elected King on recommendation of his childless ....
Christian II (King) of DENMARK (1481 - 1559) ; (massacred Swedish nobility 1520, deposed from Denmark 1523, attacked Norway 1531, captured)
Christian IV OLDENBURG (King) of DENMARK (1577 - 1648) ; K.G.; (his 60-year reign is the 8th longest of any European monarch ever, recently dropped from 7th by England's Elizabeth II)
Christian IX OLDENBURG (King) of DENMARK (Schleswig 1818 - 1906 Copenhagen) ; ``Father-in-law of Europe''; Prince of GLUCKSBURG; K.G.; (he was stepson of his aunt Queen Marie and her ....
Christina FitzWALTER (1275?? - by 1315?) ; (Christian); (the legitimate Heiress of Baliol (and hence SCOTLAND) may pass through her to the Morley family)
Chrodobertus II of NEUSTRIA (633? - 678+) ; (Chrodbert Robert) Major Domus (Count Palatine) of Chlotar III; aka Chrotbert of HESBAYE; aka Chrodoberto II de ISTRIA
[Clade Nephrozoa] Infrakingdom (Grade) of Coelomates (570 M BC) ; or: prob. Clade Nephrozoa; (with the inclusion of Pseudocoelomates & Flatworms in Protostomia, the Coelomate clade may now be considered polyphyletic)
Class Mammalia (180? M BC - ?) ; (Theriiformes and Symmetrodonta form Clade Trechnotheria; Monotremata and the other extinct orders form Clade Australosphenida)
Class Methanobacteria ; aka Archaeobacteria; (methanogens, as are several other classes in Euryarchaeota)
Class Myxosporea ; (life-cycle involves 2 stages: spore parasite in (usu.) fish (often gall bladder), Actinosporean spore parasite in (usu.) annelid worm; ...
Clemence de FOIX (1002? - 1035?) ; aka Clemencia de CARCASSONNE (de COMMINGES); (according to Todd A. Farmerie, Clemence was a genealogical fraud, and never existed)
[Clemencia (1st wife), dau of Guillem IV de MONTPELLIER] Almode de MEVOUILLON (MONTPELLIER ?) (1135? - 1227?) ; or: prob. not Clemencia (1st wife), dau of Guillem IV de MONTPELLIER; (MEVOUILLON)
Clemencia de BIGORRE (1027? - 1065+) ; or: prob. not Sancha of ARAGON, q.v.; (FOIX-BIGORRE); (the claim that Clemencia was mother of Ermengol IV is prob. wrong -- Adalaidis was named....
Clodius (I; IV; Duke) of EAST FRANKS (324? - 389) ; aka Chlogio (Clodgar Clodoweg) (King) of COLOGNE; aka Clodius FRANKI (of the FRANKS); is his ancestry just sheer fabrication?
Clovis `the Great' (1st King) of All FRANKS (466 - 27/11/511 Paris) ; aka Chlodevech (Ludwig Chlodwig) of the SALIC FRANKS; great conqueror, unified the Franks, establishing c....
Clovis II (Chlodovech) of the FRANKS (634 - 657) ; aka Chlodwig (Clodevek Chlodoveus) II von NEUSTRIEN-BURGUND; 4th King of NEUSTRIA; (He seems to have had ....
Clovis (Chlodion) the RIPARIAN of COLOGNE (398? - 448?) ; aka Clogio (Clodion `the Hairy') de THEROUANNE; poss. aka Clodius V (King) of WESTPHALIA; aka Clodgar I d....
Cohort Pelecanae ; Pelecanimorphae and Musophagiformes clade toether as Natores; (this cohort is controversial; newer taxonomies exclude grebes and flamingos)
Colman Mor MacECHACH (? - by 574?) ; or: Scanlan of OSSARY (q.v. : Colman's son); King of OSRAIGE (OSSORY; LEINSTER); (ancestors' dates are wildly inconsistent with ``son'' Ronan's dates)
Conan MERIADOG (King) of BRITTANY (& DOMNONIA) (310? - 421?) ; aka Conan (Cynan) Meriadoc ap GEREINT; 1st King of ARMORICA (Armorica is the name for Brittany before it was invaded by Brythonic people)
Confucius (KONG Zi) (Qufu 551 BC - 479 BC Qufu) ; aka K'ung-tzu, Kong Fuzi, Kong Qiu, Kung Ch'iu; aka Zhong Ni; (important philosopher; eponym of CONFUCIANISM); (MIPHMHH #5)
Conrad CAPETIAN (? - 906?) ; or: prob. not Adalbert von FRIESLAND
[Conrad CAPETIAN, q.v.] Conrad `the Old' of LOGENAHE (879? - 27/2/906 Fritzlar) ; Graf im OBERLAHNGAU, Hessengau, Gotzfeldgau; poss. Duke of the FRANKS
Conradin (King) of GERMANY (1252 - 1268) ; last HOHENSTAUFEN King; Heir of NAPLES, declared Pedro III, q.v., his heir; poss. claimant EMPEROR; his d....
[Conradus II af EBERSTEIN] Adalbert von EBERSTEIN (? - 1046?) ; or: Conradus II af EBERSTEIN
[Constance, granddaughter of Geoffroi de MAYENNE, q.v.] Emma de la GUERCHE (? - 1161+) ; or: prob. not Constance, granddaughter of Geoffroi de MAYENNE, q.v.
Constantine VI the ISAURIAN (770? - 797?) ; Byzantine EMPEROR; brief but tumultuous life; was crowned Emperor at age 10, ruled with mother
Constantine V `Copronymus' the ISAURIAN (Constantinople 718 - 775) ; Byzantine EMPEROR; his moniker Copronymous (=`Name of Shit') came from defecating while being baptized
Constantine `the Great' of ROME (268? - 337) ; aka Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus; EMPEROR of ROMAN EMPIRE; Saint; eponym of CONSTANTINOPLE, etc.; (MIPHMHH #21)
[Constanza (Maria's sister : wife of Martin de Almendras)] Maria (Dona) HOLGUIN de ALDANA (Ayacucho, Peru) ; or: prob. not Constanza (Maria's sister : wife of Martin de Almendras)
Copper Metallurgy Stage 4 (Anatolia by 5500 BC - ?) ; Smelting ores; (The high temperatures required for smelting and casting were outgrowths of pottery kiln technology.)
Copper Metallurgy Stage 7 (3000 BC - ?) ; Alloying with arsenic or tin (accidentally at first, but deliberate by about 3000 BC; Note that a mold-ca....
Corbred (Chief & eponym of DALRIATA) (? - 240??) ; prob. same as Cairpre Finn Mor (shown here as brother); aka Cairbre RIATA; (forced north by famine from M....
[Cornelia CINNA] Cordelia (Queen) in BRITAIN ; or: poss. Cornelia CINNA; (Cordeilla Cordella); (betrayed by sisters, reigned 5 years, imprisoned by her nephews)
Corybas of the CORYBANTES ; (the Corybantes, who also included Acmon (Akmon), Damneus, Idaeus (Idaios), Melisseus (King of Crete and ....
Corybas of the CORYBANTES [alt ped] ; (Acmon, Cyrbas, Damneus, Idaeus, Melisseus (King of Crete and Helicon), Mimas, Ocythous, Prymneus, or Pyrrhichus); aka Kyrbas
Corythus of TROY ; fell in love with his step-mother, Helen of Sparta, q.v.
Cretaceous Period (Mesozoic Era) (145 M BC - 65.5 M BC) ; new types of dinosaur, flowering plants, birds, modern sharks, marsupials, etc.; (this period ended with ....
Croesus (last King) of LYDIA (615? BC - 546? BC) ; (Kroisos); (invented first system of currency; considered among the wealthiest persons of the ancient world)
[Cronos the TITAN] Atlas the TITAN ; poss. King in Ancient SPAIN
Cronos (Kronos) the TITAN ; or: Saturnus (Ruler GOD) [alt ped], q.v.; castrated Uranus; aka Saturn (Sapturnus : (Roman name)), Cronus; 2nd/3rd Ruler GOD of the Universe, GOD o....
[Cronos the TITAN, q.v.] Socus of PHRYGIA ; or: Apollo the OLYMPIAN, q.v. or: Zeus the OLYMPIAN, q.v. or: Helius GOD of the Sun, q.v. or: Cronos the TITAN, q.v.
Cryogenian Period (Neoproterozoic Era) (850 M BC - 630 M BC) ; Geology: Rodinia supercontinent breaks up, severe glaciation, poss. producing ``Snowball Earth''; ...
Cunedda (King) in BRITAIN (? - 772? BC) ; aka Kunedda (Cunedagius) of CAMBRIA; killed his brother Marganus (who was plotting against him) and became sole ruler
Cymbarka of CZERSK (Warsaw 1391? - 1429 Turnitz) ; aka Cimburka PIAST; aka Zymburgis von MASOWIEN
Cymbeline (King) of BRITONS (25 BC - 17?) ; aka Cunobelin (Cynfelin Cynvelin Cynfelyn Cymberline Cunobelinus Cunobelinos) (PENDRAGON ?); King of the SILURES (the CATUVELLAUNI)
Cynegils (Kyngils) (King) of WESSEX (? - 643?) ; reigned 31 years (partly in co-reign with Kings Cwichelm then Cuthred); first West-Saxon King to be baptised
[Cyrus HUTCHINSON ] James P. HUTCHINSON (Belfast, Eire 1692 - 1748 Virg.) ; or: prob. not Cyrus HUTCHINSON
Cyrus II `the Great' (1st Shah) of PERSIA (600? BC - 529 BC) ; founding EMPEROR of the Persian Empire; `astonishing empire builder'; released Israelites from bondage; p....